What is Exotropia? Exotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment), where one eye turns, or deviates, outward (away from the nose). The deviation may be constant or intermittent, and the deviating eye may always be one eye or may alternate between the two eyes. The deviation or eye turn may occur while fixating (looking…
Definition Sneddon syndrome is a rare, progressive condition that affects blood vessels. It is primarily characterized by livedo reticularis (net-like patterns of discoloration on the skin) and neurological abnormalities. Symptoms may include transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes) and strokes; headache; dizziness; high blood pressure; and heart disease. Reduced blood flow to the brain may cause reduced…
What is Achilles Tendinopathy? Achilles tendinopathy (common overuse injury) refers to a combination of pathological changes affecting the Achilles tendon usually due to overuse and excessive chronic stress upon the tendon. It can be seen both in athletes and non-athletes. It may or may not be associated with an Achilles tendon tear. A lack of…
Definition Conn’s Syndrome means the adrenal glands produce too much of the steroid hormone aldosterone, which helps regulate sodium and potassium excretion. The adrenal glands are two small triangular glands, one on top of each kidney. This condition, also called primary aldosteronism, results from overproduction of aldosterone by one or both adrenal glands. Overproduction of…
Definition Malaria is one of the major public health problems of the country. Around 1.5 million confirmed cases are reported annually by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), of which 40–50% is due to Plasmodium falciparum. It is curable if effective treatment is started early. Delay in treatment may lead to serious consequences including…
What is Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome? Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is characterised by attacks of rapid heart rate (tachycardia), which is shown in an electrocardiogram (ECG). In some people the ECG abnormality may be present without any symptoms such as tachycardia. The heartbeat is regulated by electrical impulses that travel through the atria (upper chambers of the heart) to…
What is Micrognathia? Micrognathia is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called “mandibular hypoplasia. This condition is common during infancy. It however is usually self-correcting during growth with a gradual increase in the size of the mandible to normal size. Since the jaw size discrepancy will be pronounced during infancy,…
Overview Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. It occurs when an external force impacts the brain, and often is caused by a blow, bump, jolt or penetrating wound to the head. However, not all blows or jolts to the head…
Overview Knee pain is becoming an extremely common problem, especially in the younger population. Several reasons, such as wear and tear, or an injury, can cause knee pain. There are many different ways to treat knee pain, depending on the patient’s cause and condition. Knee pain can affect various parts of the knee. The knee…